The former player: 'I wanted to continue playing'
Warning: This piece contains descriptions of discriminatory comments and behaviour
FormerEngland player Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to expose racism in rugby union led his career to an premature conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the sport, showing digital communications and remembering training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to retire because of what occurred," he told reporters.
"I hoped to continue playing, of course I did. I sought that, and it fell through when word came out that there were investigations underway.
"That was difficult - I had to simply come to terms with the outcome and understand that this whole process is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization investigation in 2023 found Burrell's allegations were true "likely correct", but said it could not collect enough evidence to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly excluded for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to journalists he also faced discrimination within the England team environment, during a Test career that saw him win 15 appearances after his debut in 2014.
"I have had multiple distressing experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Some discrimination and some just outdated thinking that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the issue that I've myself experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"During a extended period you just learn to believe that it's the norm and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell says he was finally motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's revelations had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the professional level and to the introduction of an strategy for the professional game."
"We has placed considerable focus on diversity and inclusion in the sport and a great deal of work undertaken both prior and since Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it continued.
"The organization are continuing work with teams and partners in the professional game to strive for a culture of acceptance but recognize this requires patience and is an continuous effort."
All Prem and PWR club now has in-person training on creating inclusive cultures, with its success monitored via specific documentation and surveys.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are educated in being "engaged observers" to intervene and protect others from damaging behaviour.
"You be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this effect on you and ended your playing days, but in our eyes, you have done so much. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away soon after the filming of the film, and his sibling died recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in his hometown, maintains his work to make the game more accessible.
His charitable organization aims to connect with young people in under-served communities and support them succeed both on the field with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if nobody else is prepared to tell their experience then I'll persist to fight that fight because I'm not just doing this for myself," he explained.
"We have an responsibility to make the sport as great as it can be and the more I speak about it perhaps the more confident fellow players will feel about sharing their own experiences as well.
"I need to take the bull by the opportunity and keep carrying this banner and keep supporting this responsibility and do what I can to develop possibilities and make the sport more attractive and more welcoming.
"There are a lot of underprivileged young people and a lot of poverty and I honestly think that the sport has the potential to change their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in late 2022